Improvement in flaming-machines



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. G. ALLEN. PLANING MACHINE.

N. PETERS. PHOTO-UTHDGRAFHER. WASHINGTON D C ZSheetS-SheetZ. E. G.ALLEN. PL'ANING MACHINE. N 0-181893. v Patented Sept.5,1876.

N. PETERS. PHOTO-L THDGHAPHER WASH NGTON D C UNITED SrA'rEs PATENT,CEErcE.

lENOS c. ALLEN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, AssIGNOE To EDWARD E.

KENDALL, TRUSTEE, OF SAME PLACE.`

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANINC-:.-MYAcHINl-:s

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 181,893, datedSeptember 5, 1876; application filed Y January 3, 1876.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, ENOS G. ALLEN, of Boston, in the county of SuffolkandState of Massachusetts, have invented certain- Improvements inPlaning-Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, makingpart of this specification, in' which- Figure lis a perspective view ofa planingmachine having` my improvements applied thereto. Fig. 2 isalongitudinal vertical' section through the center of the same. Fig. 3 istransverse vertical section on the line .'10 00 of Fig. 2. Figs. 4 and yare perspective views of the pressure-bars inverted. Y

My present invention relates particularly to the -construction ofpressure devices for'holding the material to be planed rmly down uponthe bed of the machine; and consists in a yielding pressure bar havingtwo bearingedges and an intermediate. friction-roller, in combinationwith other mechanism, as will be hereafter more fully set forth andclaimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention,I will proceed to describe the Inanner'in which Ihave carried it out.

In the said drawings, Arepresents the framework of the machine, in whichare placed the boxes of the journals of the cutter-cylinder B, which isrotatedv by a belt (not shown) passing over the pulley c. e f representthe feed-rolls, which are intended to be revolved by gears on the endsof their shafts, the boxes of their journals resting in slots h in theframe-work A. C is a cylinder or large roll, the shaft 'i of which runsin bearings in the frame-work,

and is revolved by suitable connections. (Not shown.) The shaft of thecylinder 'C is situated in a vertical line under the axis of thecutter-cylinder B, the cylinder C serving as a bed for supporting thematerial along a single line only, immediately under the point where itis subjected to the action of the cutters.; and by this means thefriction is reduced to a minimum, as it is nearly all transferred to thejournals of the cylinderG, and consequently much less power thanheretofore is required to operate the machine; furthermore, the cylinderC acts as a feed-roll, and assists in drawing and forcing the materialthrough the machine. D is a pressure-bar, placed in front of therevolving cutter-cylinder B, and E is a pressurebar placed in the rearof the same, the ends of these bars resting in slots lo l in theframe-work, and within these slots are placed springs m, which bear onthe ends of the bars and serve to keep them firmly down upon thematerial, to hold it steadily during its passage through the machine,and also allow them to yield to conform to any inequalities in thesurface of the material or variations in its thickness. Above each ofthe springs m is a screw, d, and by means of these screws the force ofthe springs and the consequent pressure of the bars D E upon thematerial is regulated as desired. The pressure-bar D, which is placed infront of the cutter-cylinder B-that is, between it and thefeed-rolls-extends down on one side only at 8, this portion being curvedin toward the cutter-cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2, its lower edge 9bearing on the material in close proximity to the line along which thecutters are operating, and being placed at such a height that themateyrial to be planed, as it comes under it, will raise it slightlyagainst the resistance of the springs m, to produce the desired downwardpressure to keep the material steady. The front or opposite side of thebar D is open, and Within this bar is placed a friction or pressureroll, n, the journals of which revolve freely in the ends of the bar,the bottom of the roll n and the bearing-edge 9 of the bar being both inthe same horizontal plane, and bearing with equal force upon the surfaceof the material, thus forming two separate parallel bearings, whichexert a strong pressure upon the material, and hold it firmly down uponits bed against the lifting tendency of the cutters, the bearing-edge 9serving as a chip-breaker, to prevent the tearing of the fibers and thedislodgment of knots and shakes.

The oiice of the roll n, besides that of exerting pressure, is tofacilitate the entrance of the material thereunder, and to relievefriction-advantages not possessed by an ordinary flat pressure-bar. In aline vertically beneath the roll n is a stationary bar, p, which servesto support the material immediately under the yielding pressure-bar D.The pressure-bar E, which is placed in the rear of the cutter-cylinder,extends down on each side at 10 12, the lower edges 13 14 of theseportions or sides 1012 being slightly rounded to facilitate the entranceand passage of the material thereunder. The side 10 extends under thepath ofthe cutters, and bea-rs on the material being planed in closeproximity to the line along which the cutters are operatin g, being.placed at such a heightthat the material, as it comes under the roundededge 13, will raise it slightly 'against the resistance of the springsm, to produce the desired downward pressure to keepV the materialsteady. The other side, 12, of the bar E is curved outward, its loweredge 14 resting on the smooth surface of the planed material. Betweenthe two sides 10 12 ofthe bar E is placed a friction or pressure roll,r, the journals of which revolve freely in the ends of the bar, thebottom of the 'roll r and the bearing-edges 13 14 of the bar being allin the 'same horizontal plane, and bearing with equal force upon thesurface of the material, the roll serving to relieve friction, threeseparate parallel bearings being thus formed, which: exert a strong,pressure `upon the material,

whereby the latter is kept squarely down upon its bed at all times, andits end prevented, after it has left the front pressure-bar D, frombeing tipped up,which would cause it to be chamfered off and spoiled bythe cutters and I am thus enabled to utilize this portion or end of thematerial, which has heretofore in many cases beenv imperfectly planed.In a line vertically beneath the roll r is a stationary bar, s, whichserves to support the material immediately under the yieldingpressurebar E. If desired, friction-rolls may be substituted for thebars p s.

By the employment of the yielding pressurebars D E, constructed as abovedescribed, the tremulous motion of the material under the rapid andpowerful blows of the cutters is avoided, for the reason that the rollsand bearing-edges exert a strong pressure on the material being planedat various points, and it is thus held firmly down upon its bed close tothe cutting-line, thereby .preventing the vdislodgment of knots orshakes, while the sides 10 12 of the bar E shield the roll r, andprevent chips and other small fragments from being caught under itand'pressed down into the planed surface of the wood. Furthermore,

by combining one 4or more 'bearing-edges with" a friction-roll, thelattercan be of much smaller diameter, and can consequently be placedmuch nearer to the path of rotation of the cutters than would be thecase if a pressureroll alone was employed.

I do not, broadly, claim a yielding pressurebar, as I am aware that'sucha bar is described in the United States Patentof Joseph P. Woodbury, No.128,462dated April 29,1873; but this bar affords an extendedbearing-surface, and exerts a pressure onthe material in close proximityto thev line along which the cutters operate. There is no roll torelieve friction. I am also aware that a friction-roller has been usedwith one-bearingpoint or line next tothe cutter,as.shown in the patenttov S. W. Nelson, September 16, 1873. This I do not claim, broadly, suchbearing allowing some vibration of the boards around the friction-rollas afulcrum 5 whereas my pressurebar possesses the combinedadvantages ofa friction-roll and two separate bearings on the material, which hold itdown-close to the line in whichthe cutters operate, asrmly and Y withmuch less friction than abar having an extended bearing-surface, or onewithl a friction-roller and a-single other `bearing point or line.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The combination of a yielding pressure bar or bars, constructed asabovev described, the stationary bars or supports p s, placedimmediately beneath them,and the rotating cutter, as described.

Witnessmy handthis 28th day of December, A D. 1875.

ENOSG. ALLEN. In presence of- P. E. TESGHEMACHER, N. W. STEARNs.

